
The Merchant Circle: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Machining Forces and Optimization
Introduction In the world of machining, efficiency, precision, and tool longevity are paramount. Whether you’re a seasoned engineer, a machining enthusiast, or a student diving into manufacturing principles, understanding the Merchant Circle is critical to mastering metal-cutting processes. This concept, developed by Eugene Merchant in the 1940s, remains a cornerstone of machining theory, offering a blueprint to…